Leadership At Griffith As A Senior Academic - 1841 Words

Thank you for agreeing to consider my CV and please feel free to share it with other leaders at Griffith University. Let me begin by providing a narrative of where my career is at present in relation to my Research profile, Teaching philosophy, and Leadership experience to show the depth and breadth of my experience. I hope you will see how I could add important new but complimentary capability to leadership at Griffith as a senior academic. Please keep in mind that I have a particular interest in developing a role that builds leadership capability and research culture within business school environments. Research profile My research program focuses on wisdom (primarily in leadership) and knowledge economies, and I have created international profiles in both fields. My research metrics are calculated using Google Citations. The key measures are total citations (1,795) and h-index (23). I have over 180 research outputs, including 18 A* and A journal publications and 5 books with major academic publishers. High impact journals I have published in include; The Leadership Quarterly, Academy of Management Learning and Education, Human Relations, Public Administration Review, Journal of Business Ethics, Management Learning, and the Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology. Qualitative assessments of impacts of my research program are important. I have been very fortunate that scholars writing in quality journals variously say my work is â€Å"authoritative†, â€Å"inspirational†,Show MoreRelatedFactors Favoring Managerial Effectiveness : A Study Of Select Public And Private Sector Organizations Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesPractice, Vol. 3 (13), Pp. 39-45. Alhourani, L. (2013) ‘Leadership and Effectiveness of University Deans in Lebanon and Egypt’, Capella University, Minneapolis. Ali, S. (2003) ‘A comparative study of the leadership style, interpersonal relationship and effectiveness of the recruited and promoted Principals of Delhi’, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi. Alig-Mielcarek, M. (2003) ‘A model of school success: Instructional leadership’, Academic Press, Ohio State University. Allen, L.A. (1964) ‘TheRead MoreTourism s Benefits Of Tourism921 Words   |  4 Pagesavailable for tourism students at the university, such as becoming involved on campus and going on exchange. During my own exchange last year, I spent a semester in Australia, where I worked in a fast-paced chocolate cafà © while completing five courses at Griffith University Gold Coast. Studying abroad allowed me to experience the destination both as a tourist, through experiences like diving the Great Barrier Reef, and as a tourism student, through taking courses like Cruise Industry Management. Upon returningRead MoreGender And Gender Leadership Gap1798 Words   |  8 PagesGender Leadership Gap Catalyst (2012) indicated that corporate world data showed that women represented only 4% of chief executive officer positions within Fortune 500 companies; similarly, DeFrank-Cole et al. (2013) advised that the lack of progress for women is dumbfounding considering that for the last 25 years; women’s entrance into professional and managerial careers has been on par with their male colleagues. Relatedly, Barsh (2012) identified a disparity of gender representation in senior leadershipRead MoreBusiness Analysis: Bega Cheese Essay example1912 Words   |  8 Pagesof external. External forces that have driven Bega Cheese to prompt change include social and political pressure is another force due to customers, suppliers’ needs wants to be unsteady, fore which, managers at Bega Cheese implement participative leadership (Rawat 2001). As Bega Cheese export cheese worldwide, therefore, many social and political concerns arises, however, Bega Cheese has valued and acknowledge d high quality to be exported through applying legal conformity such as Halal accreditedRead MoreClinical Leadership And The United Kingdom National Health Service3001 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Clinical leadership is a concept growing in usage. Word frequency in the English lexicon shows the term increasing in the last two decades, despite its composite words remaining static over the same period (Graphs 1 and 2). Graph 1: Word frequency in the British Lexicon of â€Å"leadership† and â€Å"clinical† (Google 2015) Graph 2: Word frequency in the British Lexicon of â€Å"clinical leadership† (Google 2015) Clinical leadership as a term grew out of opposition to New Public ManagementRead MoreWhy Is Clinical Leadership Important?2929 Words   |  12 PagesWhy is Clinical Leadership Important? What are the Conditions that Support or Hinder such Leadership in Health Organisations? Introduction Throughout the recent years, patient care has become more complex and the demand for healthcare is increasing with the ageing population. There has to be a balance between limited financial resources, particularly within a government-funded healthcare organisation such as the NHS, with the increasing healthcare demands in order to provide the best quality careRead MoreSuccession Planning for Multi-Faceted Enterprises and Organizations9891 Words   |  40 Pagesï » ¿Succession Planning for Multi-Faceted Enterprises and Organizations OM ACKNOWLEDGMENT The journey to this point in my academic career has been a long one, and challenging, however I am successful. A number of people have effortlessly contributed to my success, and I take this opportunity to thank them. First, it is with great honor that I thank my academic adviser†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. He/she took on the obligation of advising me in my post coursework and exam completion, while I was in the university. His/herRead MoreDesigning Healthcare Services For The Care Of Frail Older People : How Collective Leadership Is Driving Quality And Efficiency3389 Words   |  14 PagesDesigning Healthcare Services for the Care of Frail Older People: How Collective Leadership is Driving Quality and Efficiency for Older Persons Services in the NHS. Introduction The NHS is facing an unprecedented challenge of finding ways to manage an ever increasing aging population. This should be a cause for celebration as it reflects the many successes and advances in health and social care since the inception of the NHS. Indeed in many ways these facts represent the NHS achieving what it setRead Moredescriptive method2072 Words   |  9 Pagestechnical and statistical problem of importance in most questionnaire investigations and in many other descriptive-survey studies. The literature on application of sampling theory to practical survey problems has appeared primarily since 1940, with leadership provided in the areas of opinion-polling, market, research and cans operations.† International Journal of Transformations in Business Management International Journal of Transformations in Business Management http://www.ijtbm.com/ (IJTBM) 2012Read MoreDetermining the Elite Within Politics and the Judiciary Essay7577 Words   |  31 PagesPolitics and the Judiciary Abstract To begin addressing this question, it was first necessary to define the term elite. From here, it was then possible to clarify the specific positions within the upper ranks of politics and the senior judiciary that I would be examining. Once this was established, the relationship between British elites and the social structure both past and present was outlined, along with the basic views of those who have commented upon this association

Difference Between Health And Social Class - 1333 Words

Variations in health and inequality have always been the subject of debates and studies throughout the last century; explanations varied from: our lifestyles, our ethnicity, and even our gender. So why after 100 years of studying this worldwide phenomenon, and producing detailed statistical evidence, with well-informed debates are we still living in a society where inequality in health still exists? One would expect with so much progress in medicine, vast improvements in our living/housing standards; raised awareness and understanding of issues relating to our cultural and genetic profiles, that this inequality would be on par with how society has overcome other inequalities including race and gender. Have we done enough by trying to explain this in terms of the Genetics, Cultural, or Material variants? Or are they all correct, and this kind of inequality in our society is something that is inevitable? Health and ill health on the basis of Cultural/Behaviour is explained as having direct relationships with social class and how their actions determine their health. According to (Bourdieu 1984) Life expectancy amongst people in high social class standing was because of their â€Å"inclination towards a cult of health-consciousness and their appearance of the body: the body as a thing displayed to others†¦and a high value being placed on moderate drinking and careful diet.† What Bourdeau is suggesting is that our lifestyle is determined by our culture, and seems to be suggestingShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream and Class Separation Essay example626 Words   |  3 PagesClass Separation lowers a person’s opportunity to achieve the American dream. As the separation between class increases, there is less possibility of achieving the American dream. Class separation has been around for a while. The higher class has higher prospect of achieving the American dream whe reas the lower class does not. The separation between the class and its affect on achieving the American dream is demonstrated in the novel Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald, a political cartoon, The Great GAPsbyRead MoreHow Social Class Affects The Mental Health Of The Upper Class Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Mental health issues can affect anyone at any point in their life, but does your social class have anything to do with the type of mental health issue you have? There have been studies that focus on poverty and how that affects the mental health of the lower class, but how does social status affect the mental health of the upper class? There is a need to see how social status affects the mental health of the upper class, so we can compare it to that of the middle and lower classes.Read MoreSociology M2-D1803 Words   |  3 PagesM2 - Use different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups D1 - Evaluate different sociological explanations for patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups In this assignment I hope to effectively discuss and evaluate the patterns and trends associated with health and illness within the higher and lower social classes. I am going to do this by discussing and evaluating the following explanationsRead MoreInequalities in Health Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagesname] 11 Inequalities of Health Sociology Gemma McCann Inequalities of health Gemma McCann Word count 1310 Within this assignment I am going to explore the sociological perspectives of Marxism and Functionalism and a brief view on interactionism in relation to health and inequalities in health. I will explore sociological explanations for these inequalities focusing on structural materialist, artefact, social selection and cultural explanations. â€Å"Health is a state of complete physicalRead MoreEssay on Inequalities in Health1301 Words   |  6 Pagesin Health A lot of characteristics of different social classes have changed over the years as society has changed, and the divisions between different classes are perhaps not as clear as they used to be. But it is just as possible to find hundreds of ways in which the lifestyles, behaviour, opportunities and judgments of people are still greatly influenced by the social class they belong to. There are clear differences shown in the relationships between health Read MoreThe Black Report1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Report There are considerable health inequalities amongst Britain’s social classes. Health is formed by socio-economic, political and environmental factors; these elements shape inequalities and influence the health of various social groups in Britain. Health inequalities is the term used to describe the consistent recurring differences of the health complaints involving the social classes of Britain. These differences were first highlighted by Sir Douglas Black in a researchRead MoreThe Battle with Social Class773 Words   |  4 PagesSocial class is a system of social stratification, the hierarchy creates specific types of social inequalities. Social inequality refers to the existence of social inequalities created such as ownership, types of occupation that creates differences in wealth, income and power, while social stratification refers to the existence of social groups. Class can be arranged to economic factors such as income, education, wealth and other factors at work. Poverty remains high and could argue that true povertyRead MoreSocial Class And Its Relevance1702 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen an ongoing debate about social class and its relevance in contemporary society. Marx’s social class theory was relating to man and his access to the means of production. He stated there are two classes the bourgeoisie, those who own the means of the production and the proletariat who only possess their labour power to sell ( Ollman, 1976). Pakulski and Waters argued that social is dead, due to changes in economic and social structures along with adaptions in social identity and belonging (1996)Read MoreSocial Stratification1648 Words   |  7 PagesSocial stratification defines any structure of inequality that persists in a society across generations. Social strata are groups of people — who belong to the same social class or have the same social level. Social strata are organised in a vertical hierarchy. In the early societies people shared a common social standing. In the hunting and gathering societies there was little stratification: men hunted for meat while women gathered edible plants. The general welfare of the society depended on theRead MoreInequalities in health and illness1511 Wor ds   |  7 Pagesinequalities in health and illness. Evaluate sources of evidence with regards to class, gender, ethnicity and age There are many different reasons why health inequalities exist due to many factors one extremely important one is social class. Socio-economic inequalities have been researched in the UK for many years. In the early 20th century the government started an occupational census which gave the researchers the opportunity to examine health outcomes of social class. The five class scheme was introduced

Schizophrenia Essay Introduction Example For Students

Schizophrenia Essay Introduction Schizophrenia is serious and chronic brain disease. Schizophrenia Affects 1% of the world develops schizophrenia sometime in their life time. 2 million people in the US suffer from it every year it will affect men and women both but shows up earlier in men usually in the teen or early adult years, women usually are diaongnosed in their early thirties. People with schizophrenia often suffer terrifying symptoms such as hearing internal voices not heard by others, or believing that other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them. Their speech and behavior can be so disorganized that they may be incomprehensible or frightening to others. Available treatments can relieve many symptoms, but most people with schizophrenia continue to suffer some symptoms throughout their lives; it has been estimated that no more than one in five individuals recovers completely. Schizophrenia is found not only in the US but the whole world. The first signs of schizo phrenia often appear as confusing, or even shocking, changes in behavior. The sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms is referred to as an acute phase of schizophrenia. Psychosis, a common condition in schizophrenia, is a state of mental impairment marked by hallucinations, which are disturbances of sensory perception, and/or delusions, which are false yet strongly held personal beliefs that result from an inability to separate real from unreal experiences. Schizophrenia can be traced back to Egyptian times. The word schizophrenia comes from the Greek roots schizo (split) and phrene (mind) to describe the thinking of people with the disorder. His term was not meant to convey the idea of split or multiple personality, a common misunderstanding by many people. Since Bleulers time, the definition of schizophrenia has continued to change, as scientists attempt to more accurately determine the different types of mental diseases. Without knowing the exact causes of these diseases, scien tists can only base their classifications on the observation that some symptoms tend to occur together. Both Bleuler subdivided schizophrenia into categories, based on the symptoms and prognoses. Over the years, those working in this field have continued to attempt to classify types of schizophrenia. Five types were delineated in the DSM-III: disorganized, catatonic, paranoid, residual, and undifferentiated. The first three categories were originally proposed by Kraepelin. Many researchers today are using different systems based on the severity of the symptoms. Schizophrenia is the disruption of cognition and emotion affecting the humans language, thought, perception, affect, and sense of self. Symptoms include hearing voices inside your head, hallucinations, delusions, and depression. No single symptom is definitive for diagnosis; rather, the diagnosis encompasses a pattern of signs and symptoms with social changes and personality changes. Symptoms are typically divided into positi ve and negative symptoms because of their impact on diagnosis and treatment. Positive symptoms are those that appear to reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions. The diagnosis of schizophrenia, according to DSM-IV, requires at least 1-month duration of two or more positive symptoms, unless hallucinations or delusions are especially bizarre, which would be a sign of the disorder. Negative symptoms are those that appear to reflect a loss of normal functions. Loss of usual interests or pleasures (anhedonia); disturbances of sleep and eating; dysphoric mood (depressed, anxious, irritable, or angry mood); and difficulty concentrating or focusing attention, are also symptoms oh the disorder. Your relative may become odd, distant or just different from how they used to be. They may avoid contact with people and become be less active. If they have delusional ideas, they may talk about them, but may also keep quiet about them. If they are hearing voices, they may suddenly look awa y from you as if they are listening to something else. When you speak to them, they may say little, or be difficult to understand. Their sleep pattern may change so that they stay up all night and sleep during the day. You may wonder if this behavior is just rebellious. It can happen so slowly that, only when you look back, can you see when it started. It can be particularly difficult to recognize these changes during the teenage years, when young people are changing anyway. You may start to blame yourself and wonder .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 , .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 .postImageUrl , .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 , .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147:hover , .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147:visited , .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147:active { border:0!important; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147:active , .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147 .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uce64dc8faea2799256232b56033ca147:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bipolar Disorder 2 Essay

Dukes of T

Dukes of T-Town Essay Dukes of T-TownYo, Balls, that sheriff is following you pretty close, how drunk are you? Chris asked me just before I looked in my rearview mirror to see if anyone was following us. I saw that a sheriff was about two city blocks behind us. Looking at my speedometer to check my speed and sure enough, I was speeding. We were going 51 in a 45 so I slowed down to give him one less reason to pull us over. All we wanted to do was get home safely without any tickets for a DUI or minor having Consumed (MHC), and my turn was just up ahead. When I got in the turning lane, I saw the sheriff take a quick turn behind me on a road that would lead to county road 116 that goes straight to the county 127 which I was turning on. So with some quick thinking we turned onto county 127 and then took an immediate right that led to another dirt road that couldnt be seen by the sheriff. Im gonna ditch this fucking pig, I said, as I turned off the lights in the Subaru that I had borrowed from my blind grandma. I was now trying to drive blind on a dirt road, and to make matters worse I was going about 65 mph. We hit big potholes; the shoulder, along with most of the road, was washboard. The road was hard enough to drive on straight while sober, let alone drunk. Holy shit this is fun as hell! Hey, Balls, that was one bad-ass party don cha think? I hear Brionne yell as I slam on my breaks to shop behind a tree on a bend in the road so that we were not visible from any road. The three of us watched with our breath held as the sheriff shined his spotlight all around, but it never made it to us. We were too far away and hidden much too well. Then he hit his other spotlights on top of his truck and they made it to about 50 yards out in front of us, but still he cant see us. During all this time, we could hear the fleas jumping off Chris nuts. Not a word was spoken, even when the lights went off and the truck pulled away. Still we were silent and still careful not to make any quick movements; half from fear of the sheriff and half from the fear of rolling into the narrow dry ditch that the car was now teetering on. With only tow wheels on the ground, it was scary to be the one in the drivers seat. By stomping on the gas, the all wheel drive gave u s the push we needed to get out of the situation. When a word was finally uttered, we all tried to figure out exactly how it was that we didnt die or end up in jail over the whole incident. But that passed in no time at all and we all grabbed out own beer and began to chug. Balls just went into the dukes of hazard mode and got the fuck out of dodge. Chris, while laughing, said to Brionne. Dont ever do that shit again, I need some toilet paper!After my Key Light had gone down my throat, and the laughter of fear and Chris stupid comment had almost stopped, all I could muster out of my mouth was Damn, that was close.

At 18, is it time for a drink

An American teenager who is eighteen years old is allowed to do several things, such as vote, join the military, and get married; however, drinking is not allowed until he or she is twenty-one years old.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on At 18, is it time for a drink? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The officially permitted drinking age in the U.S. was raised from eighteen to twenty-one in 1988 due to the National Minimum Age Drinking Act that had been signed into law four years earlier by President Ronald Reagan. The main reason was maturity; that is, at eighteen one is not mature enough to drink responsibly (Kiesbye, 2). However, I agree with the verdict of the group of university and college presidents that the drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. Opponents of lowering the legal drinking age usually refer to the dangers of binge drinking. They say that the practice is increasing and that any person who is below eighteen is simply not responsible enough to have an alcoholic beverage. This type of drinking most of the time occurs in the underground and hidden places where the teenagers cannot be discovered. However, although binge drinking is a problem in America, the root cause is the high drinking age that our lawmakers have instituted ignoring certain realities. Let us face the reality: if a person wants to drink, he or she will definitely find a way to do that. And since legal adults (those over eighteen) are unable to get hold of alcohol themselves, they will inevitably go to hidden places and drink excessively without any supervision or guidance. When the drinking age is lowered, teenagers can drink responsibly without having to hide themselves. Therefore, â€Å"the current limit ignores the reality of drinking during college years and drives it underground, making binge drinking more dangerous and students less likely to seek help in an emergency† (Gordo n and Holland, para. 2).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I think it is of essence to question this law: why is it that the age of twenty-one is the â€Å"magical’ age that a person is considered as intelligent and mature enough to drink alcohol? Truly, some adults consume alcohol irresponsibly. On the other hand, some young people are able to drink responsibly. At eighteen, Americans are regarded as adults. It may seem odd to allow those above eighteen years to marry, drive their own cars, and do other sorts of things, and yet to be prevented by the same law from taking a glass of wine in a cafà © or even a glass of champagne at their own wedding party. I feel that it does not make sense to have a limit that is higher than the legally recognized age of maturity. Young people look at alcoholic beverages as something exciting (Bishop, 19). They consider it an activity pre served for the adults; however, young people want to be adults As Soon As Possible. Therefore, as is the case in most institutions, they usually carry fake identity cards to drinking dens; thus, leading to more problems, or steal the drinks from their parents’ drink cupboard. Maintaining the drinking age at twenty-one does not encourage responsible drinking. In addition, when the opportunity to take alcohol arises, â€Å"Let us compensate for the lost time† attitude crops in resulting in binge drinking, which leads to results that are even more disastrous. By reducing the legal drinking age, it would inevitably water down some of the temptation to take alcohol since the young people often say that it is more fun when it is illegal. And, more so, in most cases, young people tend to engage in illicit activities. Therefore, lowering the age will reduce this tendency. In reality, increasing the drinking age is even worse than not doing anything at all simply because most i ndividuals would want to get drunk as a sign of rebellion to the authority. â€Å"Not much can be done to control student drinking. Americans younger than 21 casually defy the law by secretly drinking. If the law was changed, the practice can take place in the open, where it could be better monitored and moderated† (Snelgrove, para. 22). I think that the obsession of wanting to consume alcohol would lose its appeal if drinking were not regarded as purely an adult thing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on At 18, is it time for a drink? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As pointed out by the article, â€Å"At 18, is it time for a drink?† teen drinking is longstanding problem, which has affected the American society and the drinking age limit has not done enough to cut short. The American society does not care to instruct the teenagers’ on limits or responsibilities; however, they apparently assume that the teenagers will know their limits and be responsible consumers of alcoholic beverages upon attaining the lawful â€Å"magical age† of twenty-one. A number of developed countries in Europe, such as France, Belgium, and Italy, have established a legal minimum drinking age at sixteen years. It is interesting to note that in those countries one is allowed to drive at eighteen years of age. If the American society can focus more on educating the youth on responsible drinking habits rather than restriction, then several problems can be prevented (Gordon and Holland, para.16). The youth in the U.S., unlike their counterparts in Europe, are not able to learn how to consume alcohol and other substances gradually, safely and with caution. Even though the average daily consumption of alcohol in some European nations such as France and Spain is higher than in the United States, the percentage of alcoholism and irresponsible drinking is much lower due to education on safe drinkin g habits and enforcement of gradual drinking behavior. Supporters of the legal drinking age often cite possible increase in car accidents as a reason to maintain the drinking age. However, they fail to realize that individuals of all ages get into car crashes, teenagers and adults, when they abuse alcohol. Educating the public on the dangers of this vice can be more beneficial than simply giving restrictions. In most countries in Europe, teenagers are permitted to drive at eighteen years of age, and also to drink responsibly at the same age.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, they are able to learn early about the dangers of drinking alcohol and practice good drinking habits. I think that lowering the drinking age would be able to reduce the number of car crashes that are related to excessive consumption of alcohol. Restrictions can be put to prevent the teenagers from drinking, but can they really be stopped? No one was there to stop the over ten million American teens aged twelve to twenty who have already drunk an alcoholic beverage at present. Out of this number, it is astonishing that about half of them are engaging in binge drinking. To put more facts on the table, it is estimated that about eighty percent of students in grade nine through twelve will have tasted at least one drink of an alcoholic beverage in their lifetime and about fifty percent of these students have tasted at least one drink of alcohol in the last one month. So, tell me, are restrictions stopping them from pursing their illicit courses? Abuse of alcohol among the tee ns is a real problem that we should not ignore the way we are doing now through unfair restrictions. Since more and more teens are destroying their lives, I suggest that we try something different, something that can ultimately bear fruits since the high drinking age seems to be taking us nowhere. Therefore, I strongly believe that lowering the drinking age and then educating the teenagers on the dangers of alcohol consumption can reduce this problem. We should all recognize that America has a huge problem with teen drinking. The only way to find a solution to this problem is by stopping to ignore it. â€Å"It’s time we look at the issue afresh and see whether there are better solutions than we currently have in place because, after all, we haven’t solved the problem† (Gordon and Holland, para. 8). The American teenagers should get more education about the effects of alcohol, rather than giving them punishment. The legal drinking age should be restored to eighte en since the current age at twenty-one lacks any real basis. A lowered drinking age will bring us to reality and institute better ways of curbing the vice. Consequently, fewer problems would arise. Works Cited Bishop, Bruce. Effects of lowering the drinking age. Salem, Or. : Legislative Research, 1979. Print. Gordon, Larry, and Holland, Gale. â€Å"At 18, is it time for a drink?† Los Angels Times. 8 Aug. 2008. Web. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-20-me-drinking20-story.html Kiesbye, Stefan. Should the legal drinking age be lowered? Detroit : Greenhaven Press, 2008. Print. Snelgrove, Erin. â€Å"18 or 21? Drinking age debate heats up.† Yakima-herald. 2 Sept. 2008. Web. This essay on At 18, is it time for a drink? was written and submitted by user Libby Pennington to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance in transitioning economies

Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance in transitioning economies Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a critical component in the development of a vibrant relationship between an organization and its stakeholders. Hence, organizations are supposed to be proactive in engaging the immediate environment on matters regarding the welfare of the environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance in transitioning economies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, corporate social responsibility is supposed to create a balance between profitability and the overall wellbeing of the targeted market. While the concept of corporate social responsibility is broad and sometimes complex depending on the method used to approach it, this paper will largely dwell on the analysis of the modern issues that often affect business organizations and their practices. In particular, the paper will attempt to offer a detailed discussion of the so cially irresponsible, unethical or illegal activities that usually bedevil business organizations even as they seek to boost their profitability. It is prudent to note that there are three main areas of concern that are instrumental when exploring the concept of corporate social responsibility. These are the management of a company, corporate culture and the competitive environment of a business entity. The essay will begin by exploring the concept of corporate social responsibility using the example of AstraZeneca Plc. In particular, the essay will explore the employees deployed by AstraZeneca since they are part and parcel of the company. The analysis will focus on the safety, health, and environment (SHE) program. Although there are negative practices that the company may have committed in the past, it is profound to note that there are good practices that amount to corporate social responsibility courtesy by the company. The information represented in this essay was obtained fro m stakeholders who have been given the duty of undertaking the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the company. AstraZeneca Plc. was incepted way back in 1999 (Turner 2005, p. 69). This was made possible due to the merger between Astra AB and Zeneca Group Plc. Most of the activities of the company take place in the United Kingdom. Hence, the operations of the company are centered in the United Kingdom. The company was formed with the broad objective of generating long-term and sustainable growth.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While profitability is the key goal of the company, the stakeholders have also been the center of attention of the company. It is vital to note that stakeholders include even the targeted market that comprise of customers and their diverse needs. The company clearly understands that the process of production does not stop at the point o f sale. It goes beyond sales and marketing. Hence, corporate social responsibility goes beyond making profits and leading the market. At present, AstraZeneca Plc is one of the most competitive pharmaceutical companies. It has a strong focus on research, development and innovation. The latter are required because its commercial and manufacturing operations depend on the aforementioned aspects bearing in mind that there is a growing competition in the marketing of pharmaceutical products. The company manufactures medicinal products for treating various ailments. In addition, its operations are not localized in Europe. As already, mentioned, United Kingdom acts as its headquarters. However, its activities are scattered in over one hundred destinations across the world. In terms of the manufacturing process, it takes place in twenty nations. The company has a workforce of about 54000 employees. Corporate Social Responsibility in transition economies Economies that are in a state of tran sition are largely considered to be in the developmental stage. Nevertheless, even the developed states may still experience transition economies especially if there are major economic adjustments. In the case of AstraZeneca Plc., corporate social responsibility can be attained by putting the right efforts and initiatives in place so that sustainable development can be effectively implemented. This implies that when a company takes corporate social responsibility seriously, it significantly contributes towards corporate governance. The organization assumes that sustainable development is the ability of a specified economic operation to meet the needs of both the present and future markets. At present, this business organization is putting in place a lot of energy in order to boost its corporate social responsibility fundamentals. Besides, it is aiming at establishing suitable techniques for implementing and regulating the efficacy of the Corporate Social Responsibility.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance in transitioning economies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most sensitive stakeholder that needs to be put into consideration is the employee of the company. The SHE program should be directed towards the employees of the organization. In any case, aligning employees with the corporate social responsibility program is the most important aspect that the company should embark on. Stakeholder theorists often claim that the management of companies ought to make sure that shareholders’ interests are enhanced at all times. Unfortunately, this is not the case at AstraZeneca Plc. There are no clear guidelines that have been put in place by the county in order to take care of this vital need. In addition, other stakeholders or groups that work hand in hand with the company. Areas of Corporate Social Responsibility include the environment , social welfare, and economic wellbeing. These responsibilities are critical fundamentals of the corporate responsibility of any given company or business entity. In some cases, the environmental sustainability largely lays a lot of emphasis on the effects occasioned by people on the immediate environment. In addition, social sustainability takes care of various issues that directly or indirectly impact the society as a whole. When the latter is put into consideration, it brings into perspective the fact that AstraZeneca plc is yet to put into consideration the safety environmental rules regarding emission of toxic materials into the environment (Boerner 2011, p.34). It is profound to underscore the fact that the process of manufacturing pharmaceutical products usually leads to massive generation of waste products in form of chemical wastes. Therefore, it is necessary for the management of the company to formulate policies guarding waste control and management both inside their fac tories and immediately after being released. Adequate management of pollution clearly amounts to corporate governance. The ideals behind corporate responsibility of a company entails various operations such as employees’ working conditions, environmental protection, production of safe products, ethical sales and marketing ideals as well as activities that add value to a business organization. Since Considering AstraZeneca Plc operates within the pharmaceutical industry, social and corporate responsibility cannot be ignored at all costs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How can corporate social responsibility be integrated in the operations of AstraZeneca Plc? In order to integrate the ideals of the corporate social responsibility of this company in environmental management and safety of stakeholders, there are three fundamental areas that must be addressed by the company’s leadership. These include the competitive environment of the business, corporate culture, and also the nature of leadership of the company. Integration of corporate social responsibility within an organization begins with the leadership that has been put in place. For example, the entire management of the organization should be actively involved in all the activities that involve corporate social responsibility (Geraghty 2010, p.44). When it comes to the corporate mission and corporate culture, it is evident that AstraZeneca does not have a properly defined mission statement. However, the company has always confirmed that it is one of the leading pharmaceutical organizati ons across the globe. Irrespective of market leadership, the absence of a specific corporate culture especially in the mission and vision statements is a major ingredient towards failure on matters related to corporate social responsibility. There is no doubt that the company has done quite well in reaching out pharmaceutical markets outside Europe. The 20 manufacturing plants spread across various geographical locations is indeed a vivid indicator that the company stands a better chance of not merely making super profits, but also being a leader in the corporate social responsibility circles (Dhaliwal et al 2011, p.73). As it stands now, the company has a competitive business portfolio and therefore its business environment is highly competitive. As already pointed out, it is one of the outstanding market leaders in terms of profitability and of course a large market base. Monitoring and evaluation of the corporate social responsibly and corporate governance One of the reasons why this company has failed to implement its CSR operations is that it does not have an adequate and effective mechanism for measuring, assessing and reporting corporate responsibility activities. The presence of heavy bureaucracy within the organization has immensely contributed towards poor reporting systems. The company is currently struggling to develop slim and efficient systems that can expedite the process of social corporate responsibility reporting. Nonetheless, it is vital for company to develop appropriate systems that can be used to measure various aspects that impact the corporate social responsibility (Cramer Bergmans 2003, p.76). Recommendations The proposed alternatives and solutions that can be put into place by AstraZeneca have been briefly discussed under the recommendations. To begin with, the company ought to develop an effective system for monitoring, assessing and reporting all the corporate social responsibility operations. Since the organization does not have a clearly defined mission statement, it is crucial to devise a suitable mission statement. This will map out the much needed corporate culture needed in this organization. The company should also diversify its operations in various areas such as genetics and the development of new and improved vaccines. . This will be instrumental in lowering the current competition from other market rivals such as GlaxoSmithKline. Some market competitors are doing quite well in terms of the corporate social responsibility framework (Boeger, Murray Villiers 2008, p.37). It is also highly recommended for the management of this company to consider sustainability reporting as a corporate organization. Most of the transition economies such as that of Russia are sometimes difficult to predict in terms of performance. For example, a transiting economy can easily be affected by the sharp fluctuations in the foreign exchange rates. Since such fluctuations are usually inevitable, it is upon the competing com panies to create and clearly define sustainability reporting so that all the activities or operations that need to be carried out can be brought into a sharp focus (Babin Nicholson 2011, p.48). Conclusion To recap it all, it is vital to reaffirm that the corporate social responsibility is a critical area of operation of any business entity. It is one of the most practical ways through which organizations can participate in governance. For instance, waste management, pollution control and basic development and improvement of local infrastructure are some of the key operations that can be integrated in the corporate social responsibility. References Babin, R Nicholson, B 2011, â€Å"How green is my outsourcer? Measuring sustainability in global IT outsourcing†, Strategic Outsourcing: an International Journal, 4(1) 47-66. Boeger, N., Murray, R., Villiers, C 2008, Perspectives on corporate social responsibility, Glos, UK, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Boerner, H 2011, â€Å"Globa l corporate accounting language is expanding-through regulations, mandates, and voluntary adoptions†, Corporate Finance Review 16(2) 32-36. Cramer, J., Bergmans, F 2003, Learning about corporate social responsibility the Dutch experience, IOS Press, Amsterdam. Dhaliwal D, Li O, Tsang A Yang, Y 2011, â€Å"Voluntary nonfinancial disclosure and the cost of equity capital: the initiation of corporate social responsibility reporting†, The Accounting Review, 86(1)59-100. Geraghty, L 2010, â€Å"Sustainability reporting- measure to manage, manage to change, keeping good companies†, 141-147. Turner, T N 2005, Vault guide to the top pharmaceuticals and biotech employers, Vault, Inc, New York.

RESEARCH paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

RESEARCH paper - Essay Example The factors that affect forestry and the significance of forests will be discussed in this paper. This paper will also tackle the different types of forests. Forests are mostly dominated by trees amongst other plants. Some of the plants are tall and others are short. Most of the plants have features that help them adapt to the several conditions that are presented in the different types of forests (Green). Forests have sufficient amount of water. A majority of the forests receive sufficient amounts of rain that help in the growth of the plants and support the animals that live in the forests (Green). The rain water forms ponds and streams. Forests offer great biodiversity due to the fact that it acts as a habitat to many habitants. The forest has several foods and shelters that support the habitants that reside in the various forests (Green).Forest canopy is a characteristic that is found in different forests (Green). The canopy differs in the different types of forests due to the fact that the nutrients found in forests differ. Tropical forests are densely populated and are found near the equator. In this type of forests winter is not present and the temperatures are normally between 68 and 77 degrees. These forests receive mostly receive 100 inches of rain in a year. The soils found in the tropical forests are very poor due to the high levels of rain and warm temperature. The plants that grow in these types of forests are normally broad-leafed and the trees are normally very tall. Due to the huge density of the trees the sun doesn’t reach the lower levels of the forest. This forces the animals that live in these forests to adapt to living in the trees (Green). These forests are normally found in eastern North America, northeastern Asia, parts of Russia, China, Japan, Western Europe and Eastern Europe. The trees that are found in these forests are normally deciduous and coniferous evergreen trees. The trees are

How can high schools better educate students imaginations Essay - 1

How can high schools better educate students imaginations - Essay Example Educating students’ imaginations through the different initiatives forms a firm foundation for creativity and generation of improved ideas. This paper elaborates how having a class pet would improve students’ imaginations in school and later on in life i.e. expanding their imaginative skills could mark their cultivation as a habit and application in daily tasks of the world. Pets or animals make good companions for man and the relationship creates a different understanding of everything as compared to the way humans express their interactions. Introducing a class pet creates a unique chance that educators can utilize for edification through fun and augmented interaction. Some student’s might argue that they are too old to pet but it is because they do not comprehensively understand the advantages of introducing a rabbit, cat or hamster as part of the curriculum. Learning works better when students cultivate a candid interest of the environment and its components thus introducing a pet in the English or art class enhances the overall experience. The idea of class pet provides a wide platform for educating students’ imagination inside and outside the classroom. For instance, the teacher can ask the students to research on the class pet, which sparks an interest in reading various books on the pet and can share with their age-mates. Upon researching, the teacher can also request the students to write an article on their pets after everyone spending a day with it. The description of their experience enhances the imaginative skills, especially if the teacher participates more by giving each student a particular aspect to focus on in their description. Additionally, such a task combines English and imaginative skills development. Definitely, the idea of a class-pet for better educating students’ imagination has its challenges with the main being resentment from students in the classroom. Definitely, some of the

International Trading Operation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Trading Operation - Essay Example Importance has been accorded to the application of modern design technology which provides premium product quality and extremely high practical interpretations of design themes. The company has a wide-ranging collection of competitive products which matches a broad spectrum of consumer tastes and needs. (The history of ceramic tile manufacturing and the formation of H&R Johnson) The market experience of H&R Johnson lets international design fashions to be converted into products which particularly fulfils the requirements of the customers of UK. The company is equipped with a nation-wide network of independent retailers and distributors, coupled with a major investment in logistics which facilitates providing extremely increased levels of customer service. Building on the achievements of the its first century, H&R Johnson has been subjected to sweeping changes in the course of the year to position itself as the front ranking company and innovator for the demands of the tile industry in the new millennium. The eventual objective of the company lies in providing with the consumer with the "total solution for tiles". (The history of ceramic tile manufacturing and the formation of H&R Johnson) Since Tiles find wide applications in almost every country, however some countries are found to be more favourable compared to others. Nevertheless, the major export markets of H&R Johnson are the Asia-Pacific rim, the Central Asian countries, the Middle East, Africa, Central/East Europe, Western Europe, North America, Central America and South America. H&R Johnson is the largest manufacturer of ceramic tiles in the UK with production of decorative and innovative tile design. The company is the designer, manufacturer and exporter of ceramic glazed and unglazed wall, floor tiles and fittings along with floor and wall tile adhesives, grouts and tile fixing systems. Since the bygone four years, more than 35 million pound has been invested in the development of a new completely mechanized manufacturing facility on a lone location on Strole-on-Trent. (Nature of Business) Ans3) Which product are you going to export H&R Johnson exports floor and wall tiles. The company range consists of 'ARTILE' which are ceramic glazed wall tile embellished with digital images. 'ASPECTS' is the well-known ceramic wall and floor tiles. 'CAMPBELLS' are tiles meant to be fixed around the fireplace. 'CRISTAL' brand consist of ceramic glazed wall and floor tiles as well as wall and floor tiles. The 'ELEMENTS' and 'FREEDOM' range are popular ceramic wall and floor tiles while H&R Johnson is wall and floor tiles and ceramic glazed wall and floor tiles. The 'JOHNSON PROFESIONAL' consists of tile fixing systems, whereas 'KERASTAR' are ceramic, porcelain floor and cladding tiles. 'MINTON HOLLINS' are ceramic wall tiles and period designs while NORCROS ADHESIVES are tile fixing systems. The PRISMAFIT range consists of ceramic fittings and coves. Finally, 'SENSATIONS' and 'SPIRIT' is one more premium brand of glazed wall tiles. (Nature of Business) Ans4) What kind of payment use eg: documentary credit/confirmed irrevocable letter of credit/ transferable letter of credit/ document collection/ cash payment advance and so on: Confirmed Irrevocable Letter of

Evidence Based Nursing in Primary Healthcare Team

Evidence Based Nursing in Primary Healthcare Team 189691 Title: Evidence Based Nursing is developing in primary health care . Critically discuss the applications to your practice. (District Nursing) Undergraduate Degree Level Essay 3,250 words Essay The evolution of the nursing profession has witnessed a great many changes of both emphasis and direction in both the delivery and the content of patient care as well as accompanying changes in both the philosophy and the theory of that care. Arguably the nursing profession has historically based its activities and also its philosophies, on tradition and the perpetuation of currently accepted practices which have not been firmly rooted in a general scientifically tested framework.(Roper N 1977). This can be verified by the fact that the nursing literature of the 1970s and 80s has many references from writers and commentators who were arguing for nursing to evolve into a research based profession and highlighting the fact that there was a demonstrable absence of a significant amount of good quality research-based fact which dictated the current practices throughout the profession in general. (Gortner SR 1976). An impartial observer, considering this situation over the intervening years, would probably agree that there has been a clear and marked swing in both the published literature and the actual practice of nursing, towards the underpinning of practice with strong scientific research. Evidence based nursing has emerged as being one of the dominant driving forces in nursing evolution and the advent of evidence based practice has become apparent to the point where it is now and this could be considered to be the â€Å"gold standard† and essential basis for the majority of professional nursing care (Yura H et al 1998) If we look at the issues and considerations that could support this statement, we could point to Hunt’s tour de force on the subject in his seminal paper of 1981 (Hunt J 1981), in which he sums up his belief that each nurse must care enough about her own practice to want to make sure it is based on the best possible information. This plea seemed to strike a chord in the nursing profession to the extent that, over the following few years, there was a noticeable increase in the published papers that both echoed these sentiments and also defined the various barriers to progress in this respect. These were largely quantified as including time constraints, limited access to the literature, a lack of training in critical skills of appraisal and, most fundamentally, a professional ethos and ideology that placed a great emphasis on the practical rather than the intellectual component of knowledge, together with a work environment that did not actively encourage the seeking out, resear ching and recording of new information (after Royle J et al 1996). One could be forgiven for observing that such comments are still relevant to a degree today. In order to present a balanced argument, we can observe that there is not a blind and uniform acceptance of evidence based nursing procedures. There are some who actively criticise evidence base procedures. Haynes (R B et al 1996) points to the fact that a blind following of evidence based practice can promote a concept of a â€Å"cookbook† of procedures that have to be dogmatically followed and it can stifle the holistic consideration of what may be best for each individual patient. We shall return to this point later. White (S 1997) counters this argument with the suggestion that a nurses’ professional training includes both learning the basic pathophysiology and anatomy and acquiring experience. She suggests that it is actually the â€Å"effective application of this experience that requires a sound evidence base.† Research evidence can aid the professional decision making process, but cannot either do the clinical examination or collate the vast amount of sni ppets of information that pass between patient and nurse. White suggests that it is this clinical expertise (derived from learning and experience), that is the crucial element in the application of the evidence based knowledge which separates true evidence based nursing practice from the â€Å"cookbook† approach with Haynes’ vision of the mindless and unquestioning application of â€Å"both guidelines and rules† (White S 1997). Before we leave the general issues relating to evidence based nursing, we shall also cite the analytical work of Pearson (A 2000) who produced an influential treatise on the role of the nurse and nursing in evidence based research. In his paper Pearson makes a fundamental and significant delineation between lay nursing and professional nursing which is defined by the application of research based practices and procedures. He suggests that the evolution of evidence based nursing had its origins in the days of the reforms pushed through by Florence Nightingale, became commonly accepted practice in the 70s and 80s when the â€Å"theoretical constructs of practice began to evolve and be adopted†, and has currently culminated in the advent and emergence of the nurse practitioner and nurse specialist whose professional structure, training and practice is essentially evidence based. This essay is primarily about how evidence based nursing is developing in primary healthcare team with specific reference to personal practice. This is a potentially a vast topic and therefore we will use illustrative examples of specific areas of development. A great deal of a primary healthcare team’s time (particularly that of the nurse) is taken up with the treatment of pressure sores and ulcers. It is instructive to consider the evolution of the evidence base for the treatment of this condition and then to extrapolate the process to other conditions frequently seen in primary care. We can cite the work of Sir James Paget who made the observation in 1862:- Elderly patients with femoral neck fractures and other high risk groups develop them (pressure sores) early, chiefly in the first week, and then made the observation â€Å"They often appear on the day of operation. It is not just the patient, but every part of his or her body, that must survive the operation†. (Bliss MR 1992). The rationale for citing this statement is that it illustrates a comment and observation that may be factually correct, but has no evidence based weight whatsoever other than being a reflection of the author’s opinion. It has no foundation in statistically verifiable fact and may be subject to all forms of objective bias. It obviously was never produced as a result of a randomised controlled trial but, like many other â€Å"pronouncements† by prominent practitioners, it has both influenced and been accepted by generations of healthcare professionals over the years. This exemplifies Roper’s point, cited earlier, relating to the tradition of previous practice being perpetuated by successive generations. The point can be tracked further still by considering a more recent paper by Vohra (Vohra R K et al. 1986). On the face of it, this paper gives a comprehensive overview of the (then) current practices in the treatment of ulceration and pressure sores. It goes into great detail relating to the aetiology, pathophysiology and trends in management of the ulcer patient and has an extensive and current reference section in the paper. The problem form the perspective of this essay is that, although the paper is undoubtedly comprehensive in its approach, virtually the entire paper together with virtually all of the cited references, is opinion based with not a single reference to a good quality randomised controlled trial. (MacLean DS 2003). The paper does make use of comparative studies where one treatment is compared with another, but this in turn exemplifies yet another shortcoming and that is that such trials are good if a healthcare professional has only these two options at their dispo sal for treatment, (which is seldom the case). Modern philosophy would dictate that in good evidence based practice, the nurse would need to be able to cite evidence that one treatment is demonstrably superior to all others for a given set of clinical circumstances and that this evidence is from a repeatable and unbiased source. To give an illustration of this point, MacLean makes the comment:- It is clearly of minimal value to a patient to be able to say to them that a comparison of rubbing a pressure sore with honey has been found more beneficial than rubbing it with butter when the use of a ripple mattress is clearly superior to both of them. If we contrast this paper with another, more recent paper (Bliss et al. 1999), there are a number of very significant differences. This paper is also an overview of the current trends in treatment of ulcers and pressure sores. Firstly the author is a nurse. Secondly, it only cites 12 references (as opposed to over 70 in the Vohra paper) but each is a randomised controlled trial selected to support the various statements made in the paper. This represents a major and fundamental change in presentation, philosophy and practice. It could be suggested by the cynic that such observations are a chance finding in two randomly selected papers. We would suggest that an examination of the literature of the periods involved would support the view that they represent a true reflection of the genuine change in both style and expectation that now pervades the nursing professions and more fundamentally, it also reflects the criteria by which papers are now judged and accepted for publication in the major peer reviewed journals. It is not appropriate to discuss the content of the paper in detail other than to observe the fact that the paper concludes with a description of the classic Gebhardt trial (Gebhardt KS et al 1994) which compared the results of bed rest with intermittent chair nursing on the development of ulceration and in the words of Morris (A 2002):- In many respects, the Gebhardt trial is a reflection of both the calls noted in the previous paper for proper scientific scrutiny to be brought to bear on the subject and the evolution of the expectation of the healthcare professions into the requirement for a firm evidence base for their continued work. In terms of direct impingement on the practical aspects of primary healthcare nursing, the move towards evidence based procedures can be illustrated in the development of scales such as the Waterlow scale (PN 1991). This was developed as a direct recognition of the need for an evidence based tool which would both directly help the nurse assess and quantify the degree of risk together with helping them predict just which was the most effective treatment modality for any individual patient. This was accomplished by allowing a reproducible measurement of ulceration and thereby rendering this area of clinical practice amenable to proper scientific scrutiny and testing. The result of this scale development is that the nurse can identify a treatment that has not only been suggested by previous practice or experience, but one that can be shown to be the most appropriate for a given set of clinical circumstances with the most likely clinical benefit (NT 1996). It is a logical step from this position to the situation where new scales are developed based on evidence based assessments and treatments, to predict the likelihood of healing of ulcers. Such a situation has resulted in the development of tools such as the PUSH scale (Gardener S et al 2005). This represents the currently accepted end-point of a logical progression that we have traced and quantified from the type of opinion based pronouncements of Sir James Paget, past the experience based observations and comparative trials such as those of Vohra, through to the completely evidence based practices of today where a clinically defined situation is identified, a solution is hypothesised and then subjected to validation by appropriate double blinded and unbiased scientific techniques in a randomly controlled clinical setting. It allows the authors (Gardener S et al 2005) to conclude their paper with the comment The PUSH tool provides a valid measure of pressure ulcer healing over time and accurately differentiates a healing from a non-healing ulcer. It is a clinically practical, evidence-based tool for tracking changes in pressure ulcer status when applied at weekly intervals. Such a comment is virtually unchallengeable because of the weight of valid recorded evidence behind it. If we consider new and current moves to examine the evidence base of activities in the primary healthcare team, we can also consider the advent of screening clinics which are commonly nurse-led. (Califf R M et al. 2002). We could consider the current trend for hypertension screening. It is commonly accepted that treating hypertension is of value in preventing both morbidity and mortality, (Cooper R et al. 2000), but a less frequently asked question is â€Å"What is the rationale and the evidence base for providing a screening programme for patients?â€Å" (HTT 2005). Curiously, the evidence base for the screening programmes that have been run has been rather insecure. The main reason for this has been the comparative paucity of definitive information relating to the levels of effective treatment and, as the treatment can realistically only be assessed as effective over a long time span, such studies take many years to yield substantive information. It therefore follows that the evi dence base for screening can only realistically be determined once a rational an proven evidence base for treatment has been established. (Brotons C et al. 2003). This is the position set out in the comprehensive paper by The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group (HTT 2005). A pragmatic view would also have to observe that the position is further complicated by the constant evolution of new drugs and methods of measuring blood pressure which render previous data on the subject out of date by the time that it is assimilated. (Appel L J et al. 2003). This paper is very detailed in its assessment of the situation and it is not practical to consider all of its findings in any depth, but it provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence base for the promotion of hypertensive screening together with the evidence to support the use of different levels of hypertension as the endpoint of the screening process. Perhaps we can conclude this essay about the relevance of evidence base nursing practice to primary health care with the excellent and though-provoking article by Frances Griffiths. (Griffiths F et al. 2005). Although we have been arguing for the use of evidence based practice in modern nursing care, there is one commonly overlooked aspect of this practice which is the subject of the Griffiths paper. As the wealth of good quality information relating to the effectiveness of many clinical interventions and practices increases, this fact alone presents healthcare professionals in general with the increasing dilemma of how to apply the information obtained to the individual patient. The evidence base for a procedure will generally inform clinicians of the likelihood of it being successful in the general population. It will not give any indication, other than a probability, of its chance of success in the individual patient. This is a problem for the nurse (and other healthcare professio nals), as the bulk of current medical practice is on a face-to-face basis with individual patients, rather than dealing with populations. (Fox R C 2002) To illustrate this point, Griffiths points to the fact that it is commonly accepted that epidemiology tells us that smoking is an independent risk factor in the population for myocardial infarction, yet there is no evidence base to tell us which particular individuals will be affected. Similarly there are a multitude of good quality trials which show that there is an increased risk of breast cancer that is linked with hormone replacement therapy but there is nothing that will tell us which individuals are at specific risk. (Willis J 1995) This dilemma is central to the proper understanding of the place of evidence based practice as the balance between good practice based on proper evidence and individual patient care is central to the history of nursing and will not disappear however good the evidence base for a particular treatment becomes. In the words of Haynes (R B et al. 2002):- Diseases always manifest themselves in patients bodies and minds, and in seeking to understand, treat, and predict the outcome of disease, clinicians need to move their focus from the individual to more generalised research. To this end, the nurse would do well to reflect on the fact that assimilation of evidence is central to her practice, but communicating that evidence to patients is a key part of clinical consultations, with a growing evidence base of how it is best achieved. References Appel L J, Champagne C M, Harsha D W, Cooper L S, Obarzanek E, Elmer P J, Stevens V J, Vollmer W M, Lin P H, Svetkey L P, Stedman S W, Young D R; for the Writing Group of the PREMIER Collaborative Research Group. 2003 Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. J Am Med Assoc. 2003 ; 289 : 2083–2093. Bliss M and Bruno Simini 1999 When are the seeds of postoperative pressure sores sown? BMJ, Oct 1999 ; 319 : 863 864 Brotons C, Godycki-Cwirko M, Sammut M R. 2003 New European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Gen Pract. 2003 ; 9 : 124–125 Califf R M, DeMets D L. 2002 Principles from clinical trials relevant to clinical practice: part I. Circulation. 2002 ; 106 : 1015–1021 Cooper R, Cutler J, Desvigne-Nickens P, Fortmann S P, Friedman L, Havlik R, Hogelin G, Marler J, McGovern P, Morosco G, Mosca L, Pearson T, Stamler J, Stryer D, Thom T. 2000 Trends and disparities in coronary heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in the United States: findings of the national conference on cardiovascular disease prevention. Circulation. 2000 ; 102 : 3137–3147. Fox R C. 2002 Medical uncertainty revisited. In: Bendelow G, Carpenter M, Vautier C, Williams S, eds. Gender, health and healing: the public/private divide. London : Routledge, 2002 : 236-53. Gardner S, Rita A. Frantz, Sandra Bergquist, and Chingwei D. Shin 2005 A Prospective Study of the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., Jan 2005 ; 60 : 93 97. Gebhardt KS, Bliss MR. 1994 Preventing pressure sores in orthopaedic patients. Is prolonged chair nursing detrimental? J Tissue Viability 1994 ; 4 : 51-54. Gortner S R, Bloch D, Phillips T P. 1976 Contributions of nursing research to patient care. J Adv Nurs 1976 ; 1 : 507–18. Griffiths F, Eileen Green, and Maria Tsouroufli 2005 The nature of medical evidence and its inherent uncertainty for the clinical consultation: qualitative study BMJ, Mar 2005 ; 330 : 511 ; Haynes R B, Sackett D L, Gray J A M, et al. 1996 Transferring evidence from research into practice.-The role of clinical care research evidence in clinical decisions ACP Journal Club 1996 Nov-Dec ; 125 : A14–6. Haynes R B, Devereaux P J, Guyatt G H. 2002 Physicians and patients choices in evidence based practice. BMJ 2002 ; 324 : 1350 HTT 2005 The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group on Future Directions in Hypertension Treatment Trials Major Clinical Trials of Hypertension: What Should Be Done Next? Hypertension, Jul 2005 ; 46 : 1 6. Hunt J. 1981 Indicators for nursing practice: the use of research findings. J Adv Nurs 1981 ; 6 : 189–94 MacLean D S 2003 Preventing Managing Pressure Sores Caring for the Aged March 2003 Morris A H 2002 Decision support and safety of clinical environments Qual. Saf. Health Care, March 1, 2002 ; 11 (1) : 69 75. NT 1996 Pressure sore assessments Uses and limitations of standard pressure sore classification and risk assessment systems. Nursing Times July 17 1996 Vol 92 No.29 Pearson A 2000 Nursing Practice and Nursing Science: Building on the Past and Looking to the Future Joan Durdin Oration Paper Series Number 6 2000 PN 1991 A policy that protects The Waterlow pressure sore prevention/treatment policy. Professional Nurse February 1991 Roper N. 1977 Justification and use of research in nursing. J Adv Nurs 1977 ; 2 : 365–71. Royle J A, Blythe J, Ingram C, et al. 1996 The research utilisation process: the use of guided imagery to reduce anxiety. Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal 1996 ; 6 : 20–5. Vohra R K and C N McCollum 1986 Fortnightly Review: Pressure sores BMJ, Oct 1986 ; 309 : 853 – 857 White S. 1997 Evidence-based practice and nursing: the new panacea? British Journal of Nursing 1997 ; 6 :175–7 Willis J. 1995 The paradox of progress. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press, 1995. Yura H, Walsh M. 1998 The nursing process. Assessing, planning, implementing, evaluating. 5th edition. Norwalk, CT : Appleton Lange, 1998. ################################################################ 11.9.06 PDG Word count 3,454

Imaginary Invalid :: essays research papers

Imaginary Invalid Moliere’s â€Å"The Imaginary Invalid† is a play about a hypochondriac who is so obsessed with his health and money that he ends up neglecting his family’s needs to better his own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moliere sets up the exposition of the play in Act I by the apothecary bills Argon is reading aloud. After Toinette, the maid, then enters the scene she sarcastically makes a comment about all of the bills lying on the table. Toinette lets the audience know that Argon is a hypochondriac by rebutting everything he says about his doctors and illnesses with sarcastic comments. For instance, when Argon says, â€Å"You leave my insides alone.† She comes back with, â€Å"I wish you would. You’d be a different man.† She also lets the audience know by saying, â€Å"Why, if it wasn’t for him you wouldn’t even know you were ill,† speaking of the apothecary. The main conflict of the play is Argon’s unwillingness to accept that he is not ill and he is, in fact, a very healthy man. This â€Å"illness† leads to the selfishness that he shows his family, especially his daughter Angelica. Later in Act I his â€Å"illnessesâ⠂¬  prove to have relevance to the conflict when she speaks of Cleante, the man she loves. Cleante is not a doctor; therefore, Argon will not give his blessings for Angelica to marry him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The conflict of the play was that Argon would not give his blessings for the marriage of his daughter, Angelica, and the man she loves, Cleante. The main characters involved in the conflict besides Angelica and Cleante is Argon, the problem, Toinette and Argon’s brother, Beralde, which resolve the conflict in the end. Argon is involved, as stated earlier, because he will not give his blessings on the marriage. Toinette and Beralde were involved in the resolution to the conflict because they cared about Angelica and her happiness. I believe that Beralde was more involved in the resolution because he felt that his brother was going far with his hypochondria, but still cared for Angelica’s happiness. Argon seemed to over-step the line when he tried to ruin the lives of his daughter just for his mental well being. The steps taken to see that Angelica does not have to marry a man that she simply does not want to marry lead up to the climax of the play. Ar gon finally realizes who cares about him and who doesn’t when he overhears his wife, Beline, speaking of his death and then Angelica.

Citation and European Industrial Relations

If I commit plagiarism unintentionally, it's not my fault and I won't face sanctions as I didn't copy someone else's work on purpose. Answer | Selected Answer: | False| Correct Answer: | False| | Only one of the following statements is accurate – which one is it? Answer | Selected Answer:| I used an article found on the internet for my assignment. I attributed the authors name and year of publication in my essay and added the full bibliographic details, including the date accessed, to my bibliography. | | What citation/referencing style are you required to use in assignments submitted as part of your UCD course?Answer | Selected Answer:| Harvard| | In your bibliography when listing a printed journal article, which of the following do you need to include? (Select all correct answers). Correct Answers:| Title of the article Author's name Volume/issue number of journal Title of the journal| â€Å"To adapt, appropriate, or alter the wording of (a saying or quotation) or the words of (an author or speaker) to suit one's own purpose† – Oxford English Dictionary Online (draft revision June 2006), available online [accessed 26th August 2008]. Paraphrasing allows you to allude to another’s work in your own assignments.When paraphrasing another’s work, you are required to acknowledge you are using another’s ideas to illustrate a point, and cite from where the information is sourced. When writing up my project if I change a few words with a section of text I don't have to cite it, because I have paraphrased it. Answer | Selected Answer: | False| | How do you properly â€Å"cite† the source of facts or information you've paraphrased? Check all the boxes to indicate exactly what you need to do to properly cite your sources, using the following webpage for further elp. Correct Answers:| Put an in-text reference i. e. (Author name date: page number) at the end of each sentence that contains new information from the source. Add the bibliographic information for the source (author, title, etc. ) to the reference list at the end of your paper| Quotation marks are used when directly reproducing another person’s words. They are generally used when: * The exact words are relevant to your arguments * Something is expressed in a unique way * Rewriting could cause loss of impactHow do you properly â€Å"cite† a short direct quotation of a few words in the main body of an assignment? Check all the boxes that are needed to properly cite the source of the direct quotation. Correct Answers:| Put quotation marks around the passage Put an in-text reference i. e. (Author surname, year of publication, page number) after the final quotation mark Add the bibliographic information for the source (author, title, etc. ) to the reference list at the end of your paper| Q8 How do you properly â€Å"cite† a direct quotation of a few sentences in the main body of an assignment?Check all the boxes that are neede d to properly cite the source of the direct quotation. Correct Answers:| Indent from the left-hand side of the page Type in single line spacing Acknowledge the source of the quotation by inserting the author's surname, year of publication and page number Add the bibliographic information for the source (author, title etc) to the reference list at the end of your paper| An annual report (whether in print or electronic) is defined as a â€Å"report on an incorporated company's affairs that must be sent to shareholders after the end of the financial year.Such reports contain an audited statement of the company's affairs as well as reports from the management of the company†. (From ‘The Handbook of International Terms in Economics and Business, electronic resource, accessed 30 Sept 2009)Which of the below statements is true? Answer | Selected Answer:| An annual report contains information in the same way as any other source to which you refer in your work and anything used needs to be acknowledged. | | The Web has become a popular source of information for student papers.To avoid plagiarising these sources, follow the same guidelines as print sources. Which of the following would be true of information you find on the World Wide Web or the Internet? Tick all the boxes that apply. Answer | Selected Answers: | Taking small pieces of information from the Internet and using it as my own work or in my assignments without acknowledging its source is plagiarism. I can quote from information I find on the internet or the web for my assignments as long as I acknowledge where the information came from and correctly reference it in my bibliography. | A website is an electronic medium and has its own conventions for citing, including the requirement to state the date on which you accessed the website. This ensures you are citing the most current version of the information on the site. Have a look at www. ucd. ie/library/students/information_skills/citation/harvar d. html#pageonwebsite and answer the following question. If I can’t find the authors/publishers of a website used in my assignment, I don’t have to cite it. Answer | Selected Answer: | False| You are doing an assignment on the role of the Social Partners in Irish Industrial Relations – which is the most authoritative and reliable website source to use for this assignment? Read the descriptions of each source taken from the organisation’s website before you make your decision? Answer | Selected Answer:| European Industrial Relations Observatory – â€Å" The European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO) is a monitoring instrument offering news and analysis on European industrial relations. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Its aim is to collect, analyse and disseminate high-quality and up-to-date information on key developments in industrial relations in Europe. It aims primarily to serve the needs of national and European level organisations of the social partners , governmental organisations and EU institutions. EIRO is based on a network of leading research institutes in the EU†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ This Committee, composed of representatives of employers, trade unions, member state governments and the European Commission, ensures the objectivity and quality of the information provided. Source: European Industrial Relations Observatory Online(2008) About EIRO, < http://www. eurofound. europa. eu/eiro/about_index. htm >Accessed 27 May 2010)| | Q13 In the main body of an assignment, an online resource will be referenced in the same fashion as a textbook or journal article [i. e. (Author, Date of Publication)]. Answer | Selected Answer: | True| | In an assignment, an online resource should be referenced in the bibliography using the following format:Author (if there is one), Year, Title of Article, Organisation/Association, website address/URL [date you accessed the website]Answer | Selected Answer: | True| |

Clone or not to clone essays

Clone or not to clone essays To Clone, Or Not To Clone? Did you ever imagine having a child that is the exact replica of you? Did you ever imagine of having the cure for heart disease or cancer? Well, these fantasies are not far from reach. The way we could reach these fantasies is through a process called cloning. Cloning is the replication of an exact genetic copy of an organism by use of a somatic tissue (or cell) from the donor organism. Cloning can be used in humans, human organs, or even animals. There are many advantages and disadvantages of cloning. There are many benefits of cloning. A benefit of cloning is shown through the future of the medical field. Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States. Scientists predict that in the near future they will be able to clone healthy heart cells and inject them into damaged areas. Technology like this is obviously in great need but is harder and harder with the current bans on cloning. Yet another discovery that scientists and doctors are anticipating is the cloning of cells and tissues. If doctors can take healthy cells and tissue from a patients body and use them to make organs, the chance that the body would reject the organ is drastically reduced, if not eliminated. This would undoubtedly increase the survival rate of patients undergoing organ transplants. With continued research in cloning procedures, scientists predict they will be able to find a cure for cancer by learning how to switch cells on and off. An increasing amount of people are diagnosed with ca ncer each year, and a cure for this dreadful disease is long past due. But, cures for these diseases are nearly impossible with the governments ban and the absence of federal funding. Through these kinds of reasons, cloning shows an infinite amount of advantages in the medical field. Another benefit of cloning is so that infertile couples could have children. Despite getting a fair amount of ...

New York State Unit Study - Geography, State Symbols Facts

New York State Unit Study - Geography, State Symbols Facts These state unit studies are designed to help children learn the geography of the United States and learn factual information about every state. These studies are great for children in the public and private education system as well as homeschooled children. Print the United States Map and color each state as you study it. Keep map at the front of your notebook for use with each state. Print the State Information Sheet and fill in the information as you find it. Print the New York State Outline Map and fill in the state capital, large cities and state attractions that you find. Answer the following questions on lined paper in complete sentences. State Capital What is the capital?Virtual Tour of the State CapitolState Flag What is Justice holding and what do they represent?Flag Quiz/PrintoutState Flower When was the state flower officially adopted?State Fruit When was the state fruit adopted?State Bird When do these birds return north?State Animal What is the state animal?State Fish Where are these fish found?State Insect How does this insect help gardeners?State Fossil What crab is this fossil related to?State Shell How do these scallops swim?State Tree When was the state tree adopted?State Gem What color is this gem?State Song Who wrote the state song?State Seal When was the current seal created?State Motto What is the state motto and what does it mean?State Muffin Make this state muffin and enjoy with the state beverage!State Beverage What is the state beverage? New York Printable Pages - Learn more about New York with these printable worksheets and coloring pages. Fun in the Kitchen - The official muffin of New York State, the Apple Muffin, was created by elementary school children in North Syracuse, New York. Try their official recipe. Presidents born in New York: Theodore RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt History - Learn about the history of New York. Big Apple Factoids - A New York Matching Game - be sure to read the facts after you find the match! New York Underground - New Yorkers go about unaware of what is happening just beneath their feet: Power pulses, information flies, and steam flows. Go on this virtual field trip underground! Niagara: The Story of the Falls - Take a journey down the perilous Niagara River, play the daredevil trivia adventure, explore the timeline of falls firsts, and discover surprising stories in snapshots of the falls. Empire State Building - Find fun facts, go on a photo tour, and play some games. The Chrysler Building - Pictures of this New York City skyscraper. Word Search - Find the hidden New York related words. Coloring Book - Print and color these pictures of the New York state symbols. Fun Facts - What is the states longest river? Read these fun New York facts and find out. Capitol Minutes - Short audio presentation of historical and educational interest. Buck Mountain - Take a virtual hike up Buck Mountain. Crossword Puzzle - Can you solve the crossword puzzle? Word Find - Find the hidden New York State Regions. Word Scramble - Can you unscramble these New York State symbols? Odd New York Law: It used to be illegal to ring the doorbell and disturb the occupant of a house.

Abstract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Abstract - Essay Example The authors note Lukas and others as the basis of their experimentation. Lukas and others studied the criticality of this problem, and came up with results that sought to be confirmed through numerous experiments conducted by the aforementioned three authors of this article. To enhance the outcome of the study, different camera sets were employed, and authors of previous related works were not contacted. The verification process set off by carrying an overview of a digital camera and the images captured using them. The imaging pipeline is analyzed, with all roles performed by the lens, filters and the sensor being presented. The outcome of this process is influenced by the camera or scanner’s manufacturer, as well as pixel values attributed to the camera. Color filtering is then introduced. Array patterns and color spaces that complement the imaging pipeline is highlighted. Sensor noise is another overview variable of the digital camera. A number of noise types are outlined, i ncluding shot noise, pattern noise and readout noise. Emphasis is given to pattern noise, which is used in the source-camera identification probe. Approaches that are correlation-based are not ignored in the underlying pursuit. Comparisons of original and denoised images are used to estimate the pattern noise frequencies, especially the frequencies that are high in that regard. Classifier training and the detection scheme are the employed approaches under the correlation-based aspect of source-camera identification. Choosing the source camera is an essential action towards assessing experimental results. Reference patterns are used, and matched with high correlation to identify the source camera. Experimental thresholds can also be used, where the source camera chosen should exhibit a higher than threshold correlation value. Figures of images, cameras and scanners are used as physical frameworks of the study. The experimental results provide a

Human resources-labor relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human resources-labor relation - Essay Example A good location in this sense implies to a locality that has access to cheap raw materials. The availability of raw materials at a low cost should be considered and should be among the determining factors (Hartmann, 1998). Labor costs- the other factor that should be considered in the making of the decision is the availability of cheap labor. The costs of the company should be kept as low as possible so as to ensure that the company increases the profit levels by cutting on costs (Adams, 1995). Level of efficiency- the efficiency of the various plants should be considered. Efficiency is a major contributor to productivity that results to profitability. Efficiency in this situation should be analyzed on the level of machine output and the productivity of the employees working in the various plants (Adler, 1991). Labor laws- the labor laws in the various states in which the plants are located should be considered. There are some laws that would not work well with the closure of a plant and the laying off of employees. The labor laws can be executed by the labor unions that exist. Labor unions may demand for the compensation of the employees who will be rendered jobless as a result of the plant closure. The amount of penalty that is associated with the closure should be kept at a minimal. Level of demand- the demand levels in which the plants are situated should be considered. There are some areas that have a higher demand for the company products and such a plant should be maintained so as to ensure that the demand is capitalized (Forteza, & Prieto, 1994). Tax rates - different states usually have different tax laws. The states that have lower tax rates should be considered over areas that have high rates of tax. Reduction on tax cost would lead to a reduction on the costs that are attributable to the company and that will lead to the company achieving its aim of maximizing profit levels. Experience of employees and

The First Persian Gulf War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The First Persian Gulf War - Essay Example The main battles were aerial and ground combat within Iraq, Kuwait, and bordering areas of Saudi Arabia. The war did not expand outside the immediate Iraq/Kuwait/Saudi border region, although Iraq fired missiles on Israeli cities.The Iraqi seizure of Kuwait was of immediate interest to the western capitalist societies because Iraq and Kuwait together would control approximately 20 percent of the world's known oil reserves (Kellner 9). With the potential wealth generated from future oil sales and control over oil prices, Saddam Hussein could play a major role on the world's political and economic stage. Consequently, Iraq's invasion of Kuwait produced a crisis for the world capitalist system, for U.S. and European economic interests, and for the stability of the Middle East. Iraq was not able to get control of Kuwaiti investments because much of their money had been transferred out of the country. Yet, rather than encouraging a diplomatic solution to the crisis that would return Kuwai t's sovereignty and secure the region, George Bush responded with a military intervention, which inexorably led to the Gulf war itself. Interest in the crisis increased when the U.S. claimed that Iraq might also invade Saudi Arabia, which was said to control 20 percent of the world's known oil reserves and an investment portfolio even larger than Kuwait's. George Bush, who had initially attacked the invasion as "naked aggression," heated up his rhetoric and declared on August 5 that the invasion "would not stand." Two days later, he sent thousands of troops to Saudi Arabia. The Bush administration had thus set the stage for the Gulf war by failing to warn Iraq of the consequences of invading Kuwait and then by quickly sending troops to Saudi Arabia while undercutting diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis (Frank 20). There was no single reason why the United States relentlessly pursued the military option in the crisis of the Gulf. Dissection of the underlying forces that led the Bush administration to pursue the war option reveals a complex web of political, economic, and military considerations. The Gulf war was not solely a war for oil, for the greater glory of George Bush and the Pentagon, or for the promotion of U.S. geopolitical supremacy in order to bolster a faltering U.S. economy, although all of these factors played a role in producing the war. Instead, the Gulf war was "overdetermined" and requires a multicausal analysis (Kellner 11-12). In 1990, Bush's presidency was facing severe domestic economic and political problems, including: a sky-rocketing deficit caused by Reagan's and Bush's astronomical defense-spending; a severe S&L, banking, and insurance crisis caused by Republican deregulation policies; and proliferating public squalor marked by growing homelessness, unemployment, economic deprivation, deteriorating cities with epidemics of crime and drugs, health problems such as AIDS, cancer, and the absence of a national health insurance program. These and many other problems were in part caused, or aggravated, by the policies of George Bush and his predecessor Ronald Reagan. Consequently, it was in George Bush's interest to divert attention from current crises and the potentially deteriorating economy with a scapegoat for the economic imbroglio produced by Republican economics. That is, Bush could claim that the economic problems were caused by Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait and the ensuing crisis that drov e up

Life Developed Only on Earth Essay Example for Free

Life Developed Only on Earth Essay Life developed only on this one small planet in this one small galaxy. There are several reasons to explain this and some of these are the following: First of all, water is sufficient on Earth making it fit for life to exist (BBC, n. d. ). Second, oxygen is available on Earth for a life to carry on living (BBC, n. d. ). Third, neither earth is too close nor too far from the Sun, thus neither it is not too warm nor is it too cold to live in (BBC, n. d. ). Fourth, the chemicals necessitated to create a living cell are more than enough (BBC, n. d. ). Fifth, a considerable amount of plant and animal species have already developed and adjusted to the environment (BBC, n. d. ). Sixth, the surface of the Earth is perfectly designed since it amazingly protects it from the rays of the Sun (BBC, n. d. ). This is the same reason why the Earth gets the right temperature while other planets are either extremely hot or excessively cold (BBC, n. d. ). Consequently, this also made it possible for water to be available in its liquid state (BBC, n. d. ). Seventh, even if it has been said that life exists in Mars, there are no evidences that support such yet (Fisher, 2005). Furthermore, telescopes are not that good enough to provide details as to whether life really exists there or not (Fisher, 2005). Moreover, to declare such a statement would entail a closer scrutiny of the aforementioned (Fisher, 2005). Eighth, unfortunately, nobody from Earth can leave for Mars (Fisher, 2005). In fact, even NASA say â€Å"no such mission will be attempted for several years† (Fisher, 2005). Last but not least, the Earth is the only planet which has a magnetic field that â€Å"turns away dangerous particles of space radiation† (Fisher, 2005). This means that other planets have a much lesser air and have a much colder temperature, thus living will be quite impossible (Fisher, 2005). References BBC. (n. d. ). Why is There Life on Earth? Retrieved August 22, 2007 from http://www. open2. net/science/finalfrontier/life/why. htm Fisher, D. (2005). Is there Life on Mars. Retrieved August 22, 2007 from http://spaceplace. nasa. gov/en/kids/phonedrmarc/2002_june. shtml